· Fixed frame· Inward opening window· Outward opening window· Sliding window
Selection of Glass
The choice of glass for doors and windows also largely determines their energy efficiency, so in order to ensure the overall energy efficiency of building facilities, the selection of glass for doors and windows is also very important. For example, in the southern part of our country, the average temperature is relatively high, and there will not be lower temperatures in winter throughout the year. Therefore, when choosing glass, reflective coated insulating glass and other glass materials with low heat reflection should be used, rather than transparent glass that is mainly used for natural lighting in northern regions. It can be seen that in order to truly achieve energy efficiency in building doors and windows, it is necessary to combine the surrounding environmental conditions and choose glass materials with positive shading and heat transfer properties that meet their own needs.
Design and Selection of Window Types for Energy saving Doors and Windows
The function of modern building doors and windows is not only for lighting, but also an important building component for controlling natural ventilation. For example, if the position and design of doors and windows are scientifically and reasonably installed, and their wind and ventilation energy efficiency are strictly considered, it can significantly reduce and lower the resistance and detours of airflow. In summary, in practical application, it is necessary to consider multiple aspects in order to achieve the best energy-saving effect for building doors and windows. However, due to space limitations, this article only provides partial analysis and suggestions on the selection of main materials for energy-saving doors and windows.
Energy saving technology for energy-saving doors and windows
（1） Window frame
15% to 30% of the external window area in building doors and windows is occupied by frames, so considering from the perspective of window frames is an important way to save energy in doors and windows. There are many commonly used types of window frame profiles in the current market, such as plastic steel profiles and heat-insulating bridge aluminum profiles. 1. Thermal bridge aluminum profiles. The current thermal bridge aluminum profiles not only retain their previous advantages, but also significantly reduce the heat transfer coefficient. Its main innovation is the use of cold and hot bridge technology in the internal and external installation of the profiles. Its main manufacturing techniques include embedding of heat-insulating strips and casting of cut bridges. Pouring and cutting bridges, also known as injecting glue to break heat, is a manufacturing technology that uses fluid pouring to fill the forming space. The profiles produced have high precision, and this technology can be used not only for symmetrical profile manufacturing but also for asymmetrical profile manufacturing; The insulation strip embedding technology uses insulation strips synthesized from polyamide 66 and 25% glass fiber. Under external pressure, the insulation strips are embedded with aluminum alloy and finally formed. The doors, windows, and window frames produced by this technology have various cross-sectional forms and high strength, and have excellent thermal insulation and mechanical properties. 2. Plastic steel profiles. Plastic steel profiles are reinforced with steel lining inside rigid polyvinyl chloride plastic (PVC) profiles. It mainly has the following excellent characteristics: firstly, it is durable and long-lasting. Due to the addition of reinforced steel to the inner cavity of the profile, the strength of the plastic steel profile is greatly improved, which can resist earthquakes and corrosion; Secondly, it has good insulation performance. The thermal conductivity of plastic steel profiles is significantly lower than that of aluminum profiles, and their multi cavity design structure further enhances their thermal insulation performance; Thirdly, it has good sound insulation effect. With the various changes in people's living environment, sound insulation performance has become a major criterion for choosing doors and windows. Choosing plastic steel hollow doors and windows can achieve very good sound insulation effect, especially for residential areas in busy cities or near major roads, which has high practicality.
（2） Glass
1. Colored glass. This type of glass is doped with colorants during its manufacturing process, resulting in high opacity. It is an energy-saving decorative glass that can significantly absorb near-infrared radiation with strong thermal effects from sunlight while maintaining good transparency. On the other hand, due to its own absorption of heat, over time, it will also increase indoor temperature difference heat transfer. 2. Coated glass. This type of glass uses chemical or physical manufacturing processes, which effectively improves the energy efficiency of heat reflection. It can directly reflect the heat energy to the sun, greatly improving the insulation of doors and windows. The commonly used coated glass in the market is divided into two types: heat reflection and low radiation, with slight differences in their effectiveness. 3. Hollow glass. Hollow glass is an energy-saving glass product made by effectively supporting and evenly separating two or more pieces of glass, and bonding and sealing them around the edges to create a dry gas space between glass layers, thereby achieving insulation and heat preservation effects. It is mainly suitable for cold regions and buildings that require insulation and heat preservation to reduce heating energy consumption. Hollow glass has a low thermal conductivity of dry gas between glass layers, and has the characteristics of thermal insulation and energy consumption reduction. Using 6mm thick glass as the original sheet and 9mm glass spacing, the insulation effect of ordinary insulated glass is roughly equivalent to that of 100mm thick ordinary concrete.
（3） Sealing strip
At present, there are many types and quantities of sealing strip products on the market. According to the sealing method, they can be classified into friction resistant sealing strips suitable for sliding doors and windows and extruded sealing strips suitable for swing doors and windows; From a material perspective, it can be divided into chemical fiber sealing strips, plastic sealing strips, and rubber sealing strips; In terms of installation methods, there are self-adhesive sealing strips that can be self bonded with adhesive on one side, some that require additional adhesive, some that require nails or bolts to fix, and some that can be embedded in the reserved slots of door and window frames; There is also a type of sealing strip that is made by extruding hard plastic or aluminum into a fixed clip, and inserting soft materials such as rubber, soft plastic, or brushes into the gap. These sealing strips must have good elasticity and durability.
Improve the insulation and sealing of doors and windows
Modern door and window design should also consider daily needs such as theft prevention and fire prevention. Filling the inner cavity of window sashes and frames with rock wool or polystyrene boards can greatly improve the thermal insulation and insulation performance of doors and windows; The best choice for door and window profiles is to use insulated bridge aluminum profiles or plastic steel profiles, which can avoid cold bridges caused by metal windows; By increasing the number of glass layers in doors and windows and utilizing the enclosed air space between the glasses, the heat transfer coefficient of doors and windows can be reduced; The installation gap between the window frame and the side wall of the window opening should be filled with polyurethane foam plastic, or filled with polyethylene foam plastic rod as the backing, and the outside should be sealed with building sealant; The insulation treatment of the side walls of door and window openings can be achieved by using polystyrene boards with a thickness of 20 millimeters and a density of 20Kg to 25Kg per square meter, or by applying polystyrene particle insulation slurry to improve the insulation performance of doors and windows.
